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Frequently Asked Questions
Tolerable misstatement is the maximum error in a population the auditor can accept and still conclude the balance is fairly stated. Lower tolerable misstatement means you need more precision, so sample size increases. It's inversely related to sample size.
Higher expected deviation (or expected misstatement) increases sample size because you need more items to reliably detect the expected level of errors. If you expect more errors, you need a larger sample to evaluate whether actual errors exceed tolerable levels.
Sampling risk is the risk that your sample-based conclusion differs from what you'd conclude if you tested 100% of the population. Nonsampling risk includes all other risks—like using inappropriate procedures, misinterpreting results, or human error. Only sampling risk is reduced by increasing sample size.
MUS is efficient when you expect few errors and want to focus on larger dollar items (since each dollar is a sampling unit). It's commonly used for substantive testing of account balances. It automatically stratifies by selecting more from larger items.